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Table 2 Antifungal activity of cold and hot acetone extracts of neem, madhuca, and simarouba oil-seed cake

From: The antimicrobial and antioxidant property, GC–MS analysis of non-edible oil-seed cakes of neem, madhuca, and simarouba

Oil-seed cake/extraction solvents/Standard antibiotics

ZI (mm) in test fungal isolates1

 

Extract

Conc (%)

Fo2

Cc2

Af3

Ca3

Neem seed-cake

Cold-acetone

50

0

0

3.0 ± 0.1

0

 

100

8.0 ± 0.1

0

6.0 ± 0.1

0

 

200

13.0 ± 0.1

0

13.0 ± 0.1

0

Hot-acetone

50

6.0 ± 0.15

4.0 ± 0.1

0

0

 

100

8.0 ± 0.05

9.2 ± 0.1

4.0 ± 0.05

0

 

200

11.2 ± 0.1

14.16 ± 0.08

11.2 ± 0.1

0

Madhuca seed- cake

Cold-acetone

50

6.0 ± 0.1

0

0

0

 

100

11.0 ± 0.1

5.0 ± 0.08

0

2.0 ± 0.1

 

200

17.03 ± 0.1

11.2 ± 0.1

7.0 ± 0.1

5.0 ± 0.1

Hot-acetone

50

4.0 ± 0.1

0

0

0

 

100

9.0 ± 0.05

5.0 ± 0.1

0

0

 

200

12.1 ± 0.1

14.2 ± 0.1

7.0 ± 0.1

0

Simarouba seed-cake

Cold-acetone

50

0

7.0 ± 0.08

0

0

 

100

7.0 ± 0.1

10.0 ± 0.08

0

0

 

200

14.0 ± 0.1

15.0 ± 0.1

0

0

Hot-acetone

50

9.0 ± 0.1

0

2.0 ± 0.1

0

 

100

11.0 ± 0.05

4.0 ± 0.1

4.0 ± 0.1

0

 

200

14.0 ± 0.1

9.0 ± 0.1

6.0 ± 0.1

0

Standards

Fluconazole

54

6.2 ± 0.1

5.2 ± 0.1

5.6 ± 0.1

6.6 ± 0.1

Bavistin

5

12.0 ± 0.1

11.0 ± 0.1

12.0 ± 0.1

0

DMSO

205

0

0

0

0

  1. 1Values are mean inhibition zone of three replicates (n = 3); crude extracts were dissolved in DMSO (200 mg 1 ml of DMSO). Each well received 20 µl (400 µg ml−1)
  2. 2Plant pathogenic fungal isolates: Fo – Fusarium oxysporum and Cc – Colletotrichum capsici
  3. 3Human pathogenic fungal isolates: Af- Aspergillus flavus and Ca – Candida albican
  4. 45 mg of standards dissolved in 1 ml of DMSO 520 µL of DMSO (negative control) added to each well