EPN investigated population | Method of measuring EPNs | Ia value | Notes (geographical zone) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infective stage juveniles (IJs) used in different distribution patterns | EPN-infected greater wax moth larvae over time | Mean values were less than one but differed significantly until 20 weeks after adding EPNs | The values indicate a more uniform distribution than a random one (New Jersey/USA) | Wilson et al. (2003) |
Natural Steinernema feltiae and S. affine populations in grassland | IJs grouped to 4 groups of different physiological ages | The values were in the range 1.27–1.45, group II was the most aggregated stage | All values showed clumped distribution patterns (Merelbeke/Belgium) | Spiridonov et al. (2007) |
H. bacteriophora or S. carpocapsae-infected greater wax moth larvae used within 24 h of starting IJ exit to planted fields and grassy plots | IJs of H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae recovered from greater wax moth larvae baits used after the cadavers | Mean values range < 1 to > 2. They differed between nematode species in bait traps and between control methods at 48 h and 16 days after placing the cadavers, respectively | Distribution patterns after dispersing from a grassy border plots into the adjacent cultivated field plots were more clumped for H. bacteriophora than for S. carpocapsae (Ohio/USA) | Bal et al. (2017) |
H. indica natural populations in citrus and mango grove | EPN-infected greater wax moth larvae | 0.913 | Ia refers to uniform distribution (Giza/Egypt) | Abd-Elgawad (2020) |