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Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-infective stage juveniles (IJs) used in different distribution patterns
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EPN-infected greater wax moth larvae over time
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Mean values were less than one but differed significantly until 20 weeks after adding EPNs
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The values indicate a more uniform distribution than a random one (New Jersey/USA)
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Wilson et al. (2003)
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Natural Steinernema feltiae and S. affine populations in grassland
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IJs grouped to 4 groups of different physiological ages
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The values were in the range 1.27–1.45, group II was the most aggregated stage
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All values showed clumped distribution patterns (Merelbeke/Belgium)
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Spiridonov et al. (2007)
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H. bacteriophora or S. carpocapsae-infected greater wax moth larvae used within 24 h of starting IJ exit to planted fields and grassy plots
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IJs of H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae recovered from greater wax moth larvae baits used after the cadavers
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Mean values range < 1 to > 2. They differed between nematode species in bait traps and between control methods at 48 h and 16 days after placing the cadavers, respectively
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Distribution patterns after dispersing from a grassy border plots into the adjacent cultivated field plots were more clumped for H. bacteriophora than for S. carpocapsae (Ohio/USA)
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Bal et al. (2017)
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H. indica natural populations in citrus and mango grove
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EPN-infected greater wax moth larvae
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0.913
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Ia refers to uniform distribution (Giza/Egypt)
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Abd-Elgawad (2020)
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