Biodegradation potential of indigenous litter dwelling ligninolytic fungi on agricultural wastes

Geethanjali, P. A.; Gowtham, H. G.; Jayashankar, M.

doi:10.1186/s42269-020-00426-5

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 3 Changes in lignocellulose content and loss of solid substrates treated with ligninolytic fungi during solid-state fermentation in different time intervals

From: Biodegradation potential of indigenous litter dwelling ligninolytic fungi on agricultural wastes

	Time interval (day)	Lignin content (%)	Lignin loss (%)	Holocellulose content (%)	Holocellulose loss (%)
Areca husk
Control		19.9 ± 0.58^a	–	55.1 ± 1.24^a	–
M. circinelloides GL1	20	17.0 ± 0.64^b	14.5 ± 3.23^e	48.4 ± 1.27^bc	12.1 ± 2.30^ef
	40	15.0 ± 0.63^bc	24.2 ± 3.19^de	47.8 ± 1.33^bc	13.1 ± 2.42^ef
	60	13.0 ± 0.76^cd	34.6 ± 3.83^cd	44.6 ± 1.32^cd	18.9 ± 2.41^de
	80	11.9 ± 0.59^d	40.0 ± 2.97^c	41.0 ± 1.58^de	25.5 ± 2.88^cd
	100	8.7 ± 0.52^ef	56.2 ± 2.66^ab	32.0 ± 1.60^fg	41.9 ± 2.91^ab
	120	6.5 ± 0.44^f	67.1 ± 2.21^a	28.0 ± 1.73^g	49.0 ± 3.14^a
F. verticillioides GL5	20	17.5 ± 0.32^b	12.0 ± 1.61^e	53.9 ± 0.74^ab	2.0 ± 1.34^f
	40	15.5 ± 0.54^bc	21.9 ± 2.75^de	49.0 ± 1.32^bc	11.0 ± 2.41^ef
	60	13.7 ± 0.66^cd	31.1 ± 3.34^cd	47.8 ± 1.30^bc	13.1 ± 2.36^ef
	80	12.3 ± 0.49^d	38.1 ± 2.48^c	45.1 ± 1.81^cd	18.1 ± 3.30^de
	100	9.2 ± 0.55^e	53.7 ± 2.76^b	37.5 ± 1.44^ef	31.9 ± 2.61^bc
	120	7.2 ± 0.52^ef	63.8 ± 2.66^ab	32.9 ± 1.21^fg	40.1 ± 2.20^ab
Coffee husk
Control		18.7 ± 0.51^a	–	58.8 ± 1.27^a	–
M. circinelloides GL1	20	16.2 ± 0.40^bc	13.1 ± 2.16^ef	52.3 ± 1.15^bc	11.0 ± 1.96^fg
	40	15.5 ± 0.51^c	17.1 ± 2.77^e	47.4 ± 1.35^cd	19.2 ± 2.31^ef
	60	11.5 ± 0.58^de	38.3 ± 3.10^cd	41.1 ± 1.61^ef	30.1 ± 2.75^cd
	80	9.8 ± 0.40^ef	47.2 ± 2.18^bc	36.9 ± 1.45^fg	37.1 ± 2.46^bc
	100	8.3 ± 0.46^fg	55.6 ± 2.47^ab	33.0 ± 1.04^g	43.8 ± 1.76^b
	120	6.4 ± 0.69^g	65.7 ± 3.70^a	26.3 ± 1.08^h	55.2 ± 1.84^a
F. verticillioides GL5	20	18.1 ± 0.32^ab	3.2 ± 1.71^f	56.5 ± 1.16^ab	3.9 ± 1.98^g
	40	16.0 ± 0.57^bc	14.4 ± 3.08^ef	51.2 ± 1.72^bc	12.9 ± 2.92^fg
	60	12.6 ± 0.92^d	32.6 ± 4.93^d	46.9 ± 1.24^cd	20.1 ± 2.11^ef
	80	11.5 ± 0.72^de	38.4 ± 3.86^cd	43.1 ± 1.34^de	26.6 ± 2.28^de
	100	11.0 ± 0.40^de	41.1 ± 2.15^cd	36.5 ± 1.24^fg	37.8 ± 2.11^bc
	120	9.1 ± 0.58^ef	51.3 ± 3.13^bc	32.6 ± 1.48^g	44.4 ± 2.51^b
Paddy straw
Control		16.0 ± 0.55^a	–	57.5 ± 1.12^a	–
M. circinelloides GL1	20	14.3 ± 0.31^bc	10.4 ± 1.98^gh	52.5 ± 1.24^ab	8.6 ± 2.16^gh
	40	12.3 ± 0.38^d	22.7 ± 2.40^f	43.6 ± 1.55^cd	24.1 ± 2.71^ef
	60	9.7 ± 0.43^ef	39.3 ± 2.72^de	41.8 ± 1.42^cd	27.1 ± 2.47^ef
	80	7.6 ± 0.37^g	52.2 ± 2.34^c	32.1 ± 1.27^e	44.1 ± 2.21^d
	100	5.2 ± 0.34^h	67.5 ± 2.16^b	21.2 ± 1.21^g	63.1 ± 2.11^b
	120	3.0 ± 0.34ⁱ	80.8 ± 2.17^a	15.2 ± 0.98^h	73.5 ± 1.70^a
F. verticillioides GL5	20	15.6 ± 0.17^ab	2.2 ± 1.10^h	54.4 ± 1.51^a	5.3 ± 2.63^h
	40	13.2 ± 0.46^cd	17.5 ± 2.88^fg	47.5 ± 1.07^bc	17.3 ± 1.86^fg
	60	10.4 ± 0.31^e	34.5 ± 1.98^e	44.7 ± 1.53^c	22.1 ± 2.66^f
	80	8.7 ± 0.40^fg	45.6 ± 2.52^cd	38.1 ± 1.64^d	33.7 ± 2.86^e
	100	7.5 ± 0.43^g	53.1 ± 2.72^c	30.0 ± 1.32^ef	47.7 ± 2.31^cd
	120	5.4 ± 0.32^h	66.2 ± 2.01^b	25.0 ± 1.26^fg	56.5 ± 2.20^bc

‘ ± ’ indicates standard error (SE) calculated by using triplicates
Values (mean of triplicates) with different letters within the same vertical column indicate the significant difference at p ≤ 0.05
A italicized cell represents the maximum value

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