Comparative evaluation of insecticidal properties of essential oils of some selected botanicals as bio-pesticides against Cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]

Bulletin of the National Research Centre

Table 2 Percentage mortality of C. maculatus on cowpea seeds treated with different concentrations of essential oil from botanicals at different time intervals

Conc. (ml)	Aframomum melegueta	Annona muricata	Eucalyptus globules	Ficus exasperate	Tetrapleura tetraptera
12 h
0	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c
1	13.33^ab	13.33^ab	13.33^ab	16.67^ab	6.67^ab
3	20.00^a	16.67^a	16.67^a	20.00^a	16.67^a
5	26.67^a	16.67^a	20.00^a	20.00^a	20.00^a
24 h
0	0.00^a	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c	0.00^c
1	16.67^b	20.00^b	20.00^b	23.33^ab	16.67^b
3	33.33^a	23.33^ab	23.33^ab	30.00^a	23.33^ab
5	40.00^a	33.33^a	40.00^a	43.33^a	36.67^a
48 h
0	3.33^c	0.00^c	3.33^c	3.33^c	0.00^c
1	26.67^b	30.00^b	33.33^b	40.00^b	30.00^b
3	76.67^ab	54.00^ab	52.00^ab	60.00^ab	66.67^ab
5	100.00^a	80.00^a	73.33^a	70.00^a	90.00^a

Means followed by the same letter along the column were not significantly different at 5% using Tukey’s test