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Table 2 Chemical composition of raw, urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk and formulated diets

From: Nutritional potentials and in vitro estimation of composite cocoa pod husk-based diets for ruminants

Diets/level of urea-treated CPHM replacement (%)

Parameters (%)

Raw CPHM

Urea-treated CPHM

0

A

5

B

7.5

C

10

D

12.5

E

15

F

SEM

Dry matter

88.97

89.87

89.34

89.41

89.39

89.64

89.71

89.64

0.52

Crude protein

8.31

14.28

10.52d

10.87d

11.35c

12.53b

12.67ab

12.84a

0.26

Crude fiber

33.87

23.91

17.29

17.32

17.37

17.36

17.32

17.31

1.77

Ether extract

4.92

3.82

2.33d

2.67c

3.07b

3.15a

3.17a

3.16a

0.22

Ash

6.25

6.05

5.47a

5.33ab

5.19b

5.11b

5.02c

5.01c

0.38

NFE

35.62

41.81

53.73a

53.22ab

52.40b

51.48b

51.47b

51.32b

1.34

NDF

63.23

52.64

73.90a

72.62ab

71.91b

70.68c

70.58c

69.13d

0.41

ADF

51.40

42.21

51.66a

49.62bc

50.83ab

49.13bc

49.59bc

48.42c

0.33

ADL

24.05

19.23

25.14a

23.37b

22.42b

23.17b

23.19b

22.48b

0.26

Calcium

0.41

0.51

0.54d

0.56cd

0.60c

0.66b

0.69ab

0.71a

0.02

Phosphorus

0.11

0.20

0.26d

0.28cd

0.29c

0.32b

0.34a

0.35a

0.01

Alkaloid

6.50

3.45

0.80a

1.49b

1.75c

2.00d

2.39e

2.81f

0.16

Theobromine

3.89

2.05

0.00a

0.77b

0.95c

1.12d

1.33e

1.47f

0.12

  1. Means on the same row with different superscript letters are statistically (p < 0.05) different
  2. A 0% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, B 5% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, C 7.5% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, D 10% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, E 12.5% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, F 15% replacement levels of urea-treated CPHM, NFE nitrogen-free extract, NDF neutral detergent fiber, ADF acid detergent fiber, ADL acid detergent lignin (n = 3)