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Table 4 Differentiation between male and female diabetic children (8–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) concerning their PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (GCS) and PedsQL™ 3.0 Diabetic Module

From: Health-related quality of life in a group of Egyptian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: relationship to microvascular complications

Functioning scale

No. of items

Diabetic male children (8–12 years) n = 12

Mean ± SD

Range

Diabetic female children (8–12 years) n = 12

Mean ± SD

Range

Independent t test

Diabetic male adolescents (13–18 years) n = 10

Mean ± SD

Range

Diabetic female adolescents (13–18 years) n = 26

Mean ± SD

Range

Independent t test

t

p value

t

p value

PedsQLâ„¢ 4.0 Generic Core Scales

 Total score

23

79.55 ± 14.50

74.55 ± 14.85

0.834

0.413

70.56 ± 11.47

61.99 ± 15.09

1.619

0.115

53.41–100

40.22–94.57

(50–84.09)

(35.87–92.39)

 Physical health

8

82.33 ± 13.08

77.81 ± 17.00

0.730

0.474

70.22 ± 13.07

65.27 ± 16.44

0.852

0.400

56.25–100

40.63–100

(45.83–84.38)

(37.5–96.88)

 Emotional functioning

5

73.85 ± 17.08

66.77 ± 15.02

1.079

0.293

65.38 ± 13.39

52.50 ± 16.69

2.406

0.026*

45–100

35–90

(40–80)

(25–85)

 Social functioning

5

83.75 ± 14.32

78.96 ± 13.63

0.840

0.410

79.75 ± 8.54

63.56 ± 15.6

3.092

0.004**

50–100

45–95

(65–90)

(35–90)

 School functioning

5

77.08 ± 17.12

71.88 ± 14.58

0.802

0.431

66.13 ± 13.00

65.29 ± 14.17

0.162

0.872

45–100

40–100

(43.75–85)

(35–95)

 Psychosocial health

15

78.26 ± 15.70

72.82 ± 14.17

0.892

0.382

70.68 ± 10.98

60.41 ± 14.82

1.983

0.055

46.67–100

40–91.67

(51.67–83.93)

(35–90)

PedsQLâ„¢ 3.0 Diabetic Module

 total score

28

76.12 ± 15.39

69.25 ± 15.89

1.076

0.294

65.60 ± 12.29

58.69 ± 15.93

1.233

0.226

50–97.32

37.04–88.39

(41.35–75.93)

(29.63–87.96)

 Diabetes symptoms

11

72.86 ± 16.66

67.52 ± 17.12

0.775

0.447

63.18 ± 16.06

57.91 ± 17.00

0.846

0.403

45.45–93.18

31.82–84.1

(31.82–79.55)

(25–86.36)

 Treatment barriers

4

70.31 ± 19.61

63.19 ± 16.05

0.973

0.341

61.04 ± 10.72

55.69 ± 16.28

0.958

0.345

43.75–100

37.5–87.5

(41.66–68.75)

(31.25–87.5)

 Treatment adherence

7

82.54 ± 13.41

76.19 ± 15.25

1.083

0.290

67.86 ± 11.17

65.93 ± 14.44

0.379

0.707

57.14–100

46.43–100

(42.86–78.57)

(32.14–89.29)

 Worry

3

76.39 ± 15.52

64.93 ± 19.01

1.617

0.120

69.58 ± 10.02

50.64 ± 19.25

2.944

0.006**

41.67–100

25–91.67

(50–83.33)

(16.67–87.5)

 Communication

3

81.60 ± 13.35

70.83 ± 13.99

1.928

0.067

71.67 ± 10.72

56.09 ± 18.11

3.172

0.004**

58.33–100

41.67–83.33

(50–87.5)

(16.67–91.67)