Table 1 Transplantation studies of stem cells in AD animal models
From: Stem cells as a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease: a review
Stem cell type | AD subject | Therapeutic outcome and mechanism of action | References |
|---|---|---|---|
NSCs | Aged Tg-AD mice | -Improved cognition -paracrine support (BDNF) | Blurton-Jones et al. 2009 |
NSCs | AD rats | Improved learning and memory function | Xuan et al. 2009 |
NSCs | APP /PS1 Tg mice | -Enhanced expression of synaptic proteins -Improved spatial memory | Zhang et al. 2014 |
NSCs | APP /PS1 Tg mice | -Ameliorated cognitive deficits -Anti-inflammatory activity * No difference was found in Aβ levels | Zhang et al. 2015a |
NSCs | APP /PS1 Tg mice | -Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis -Reduced cognitive deficits | Zhang et al. 2015b |
overexpressing ChAT-NSCs | Cognitive decline-rat model | Restored cognition | Park et al. 2012 |
overexpressing ChAT-NSCs | Aged mice | Improved memory function | Park et al. 2013 |
Human NSCs | Tg2576 mice | -Enhanced neurogenesis -Improved cognition | Lilja et al. 2015 |
Human NSCs | -3xTg-AD mice -CaM/Tet-DT(A) model of neuronal loss | -Improved cognition -Enhanced synaptogenesis | Ager et al. 2015 |
NEP-expressing NSCs | -3xTg-AD -Thy1-APP mice | Anti-amyloidogenic effect | Blurton-Jones et al. 2014 |
MSCs | Aβ-treated mice | Modulated Wnt signaling pathway | Oh et al. 2015 |
UCB-MSCs | APP /PS1 Tg mice | -Rescued memory deficits -Anti-amyloidogenic effect -Paracrine support | Yang et al. 2013 |
UCB-MSCs | AD model | promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic activity | Kim et al. 2015 |
UCB-MSCs | APP/PS1 Tg mice | Anti-amyloidogenic effect via SCAM-1 | Kim et al. 2012 |
Human UCB-MSC | APP/PS1Tg mice | -Improved memory function -Anti-amyloidogenic effect -Anti-hyperphosphorylation of tau | Lee et al. 2012b |
adipose-derived MSCs | AD mice | - Microglial activation -Ameliorated neuropathological deficits | Ma et al. 2013 |
AT-MSCs | APP/PS1 Tg mice | -Enhanced neurogenic activity -Improved cognitive impairment | Yan et al. 2014 |
VEGF overexpressing BM-MSCs | 2xTg-AD mice | -Anti-amyloidogenic effect -Improved cognitive impairment | Garcia et al. 2014 |
BM-MSCs | Aβ mice | -Induced microglial migration when exposed to Aβ in vitro -Increased release of CCL5, NEP, IL-4 -Anti-amyloidogenic effect -Improved cognitive impairment | Lee et al. 2012a |
BM-MSCs | APP/PS1 Tg mice | -Anti-amyloidogenic activity -Anti-inflammatory effect -Anti- hyperphosphorylation of tau -Improved cognitive function | Lee et al. 2010 |
BM-MSCs | Aβ-injected C57BL/6 mice | -Microglial activation -Anti-amyloidogenic activity | Lee et al. 2009 |
PD-MSC | Aβ mouse model | -Regulated neurogenesis, glial cell activation and altering cytokine expression | Yun et al. 2013 |
MSCs | AD models | -Enhanced autophagy -Anti-amyloidogenic activity -Upregulated BECN1/Beclin 1 expression | Shin et al. 2014 |
Encapsulated human -MSCs | Double Tg-AD mouse | -Anti-amyloidogenic activity -Anti-inflammatory activity | Klinge et al. 2011 |
hESC | Radiation-induced cognitive impairment | -Improved cognitive function | Acharya et al. 2009 |
ESC-derived NPCs | Aβ rats | Improved cognitive function | Tang et al. 2008 |
ESC-derived NPCs | AD rats | Improved cognitive function | Moghadam et al. 2009 |
iPSC-derived NPCs | APP-Tg mice | -Cholinergic function -Improved spatial memory | Fujiwara et al. 2013 |
human IPSC-ML/NEP2 | 5XFAD AD mouse | Anti-amyloidogenic activity | Takamatsu et al. 2014 |