Table 3 Effect of soil application with Trichoderma spp. and seed coating with thiophanate-methyl employed either alone or in combination on damping-off, root rot/wilt, and survival dry bean plants grown under field conditions
Treatment | Season 2015 | |||
Damping-off (%) | Root rot (%) | Survival plants (%) | ||
Pre-emergence | Post-emergence | |||
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. harzianum | 11.7 cd | 5.7 b | 3.8 b | 90.5 ab |
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. viride | 10.0 d | 3.6 b | 3.6 b | 92.8 a |
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. virens | 10.0 d | 3.7 b | 3.7 b | 92.6 a |
 T. harzianum | 21.7 b | 6.4 b | 8.4 b | 85.2 b |
 T. viride | 20.0 bc | 6.3 b | 8.2 b | 85.5 b |
 T. virens | 26.7 b | 6.8 b | 6.8 b | 86.4 ab |
 Thiophanate-methyl | 18.3 bcd | 6.2 b | 8.2 b | 85.6 b |
 Control | 36.3 a | 13.4 a | 18.4 a | 68.2 c |
Treatment | Season 2016 | |||
Damping-off (%) | Wilt (%) | Survival plants (%) | ||
Pre-emergence | Post-emergence | |||
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. harzianum | 8.3 cd | 5.5 b | 3.6 b | 90.9 ab |
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. viride | 8.3 cd | 3.6 b | 3.6 b | 92.8 a |
 Thiophanate-methyl + T. virens | 5.0 d | 3.5 b | 3.5 b | 93.0 a |
 T. harzianum | 18.3 bc | 6.0 b | 8.1 b | 85.9 bc |
 T. viride | 18.3 bc | 6.2 b | 6.2 b | 87.6 abc |
 T. virens | 25.0 b | 6.8 b | 6.8 b | 84.4 bc |
 Thiophanate-methyl | 21.7 b | 8.4 ab | 8.4 b | 83.2 c |
 Control | 40.0 a | 13.7 a | 19.8 a | 66.5 d |