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Table 1 Effect of soil application with Trichoderma spp. and seed coating with thiophanate-methyl employed either alone or in combination on damping-off, root rot/wilt, and survival dry bean plants grown in soil artificially infested with each of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum under greenhouse conditions

From: Field application of Trichoderma spp. combined with thiophanate-methyl for controlling Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum in dry bean

Treatment

Fusarium solani

Damping-off (%)

Root rot (%)

Survival plants (%)

Pre-emergence

Post-emergence

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. harzianum

6.7 e

7.1 e

7.1 e

85.8 b

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. viride

6.7 e

7.1 e

7.1 e

85.8 b

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. virens

6.7 e

0.0 f

7.1 e

92.9 a

 T. harzianum

20.0 c

8.3 c

8.3 c

83.4 d

 T. viride

13.3 d

7.7 d

7.7 d

84.6 c

 T. virens

20.0 c

8.3 c

8.3 c

83.4 d

 Thiophanate-methyl

26.7 b

16.7 b

9.1 b

72.8 e

 Pathogen only

60.0 a

18.1 a

33.3 a

50.0 f

Treatment

Fusarium oxysporum

Damping-off (%)

Wilt (%)

Survival plants (%)

Pre-emergence

Post-emergence

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. harzianum

13.3 d

7.7 e

7.7 d

84.4 b

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. viride

13.3 d

7.7 e

7.7 d

84.4 b

 Thiophanate-methyl + T. virens

6.7 e

7.1 f

7.1 e

85.8 a

 T. harzianum

20.0 c

9.1 c

8.3 c

75.0 d

 T. viride

20.0 c

8.3 d

8.3 c

83.4 c

 T. virens

20.0 c

8.3 d

8.3 c

83.4 c

 Thiophanate-methyl

26.7 b

16.7 b

18.2 b

72.7 e

 Pathogen only

53.3 a

28.6 a

42.9 a

28.5 f

  1. The same letter after means in each column is not significantly different according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P = 0.05)