Table 2 Effect of different treatment on the yield of phenolic, flavonid, and saponin compounds extracted from jatropha hulls at room temperature
Treatment 1 g meal: 30 ml solvent three times, each time ultrasound for 1 h then soaking 24 h | Phenolic extract mg/g ± SD | Flavonoid extract μ/g ± SD | Saponin extract μ/g ± SD |
|---|---|---|---|
Ethanol:1 N HCl 70:30 | 21.5 ± 0.01 | 17.1 ± 0.03 | 108.15 ± 0.20 |
Ethanol:0.5 N HCl 70:30 | 22.9 ± 0.04 | 13.0 ± 0.05 | 147.1 ± 0.10 |
Ethanol:1 N NaOH 70:30 | 3.1 ± 0.02 | ND | 86.192 ± 0.01 |
Ethanol:0.5 N NaOH 70:30 | 3.1 ± 0.05 | 9.0 ± 0.01 | 92.583 ± 0.15 |
1 N NaOH | 13.2 ± 0.01 | 10.35 ± 0.02 | 68.885 ± 0.05 |
0.5 N NaOH | 9.4 ± 0.07 | 3.15 ± 0.03 | 23.35 ± 0.01 |
1 N HCl | 6.3 ± 0.08 | 8.1 ± 0.06 | 10.31 ± 0.02 |
0.5 N HCl | 9.3 ± 0.01 | 12.6 ± 0.04 | 7.11 ± 0.01 |
1 N NaOH then neutralize with 1 N HCl | 8.6 ± 0.03 | 22.5 ± 0.01 | – |
0.5 N NaOH then neutralize with 0.5 N HCl | 5.6 ± 0.02 | 15.3 ± 0.02 | – |
1 N HCl then neutralize with 1 N NaOH | 8.6 ± 0.01 | 12.6 ± 0.06 | – |
0.5 N HCl then neutralize with 0.5 N NaOH. | 8.4 ± 0.05 | 15.3 ± 0.03 | – |