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Table 2 The bioactive flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds found in honey

From: Isolation and characterization of polyphenols in natural honey for the treatment of human diseases

Honey origin

Polyphenols

Honey type

Brazil

Naringenin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid

Stingless bee honey (da Silva et al. 2013)

Bulgaria

Gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid

Eucalyptus, lime, chestnut, heather, lavender, acacia, rosemary, orange, sunflower, and rapeseed honey (Dimitrova et al. 2007)

Malaysia

Gallic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, naringenin, trans-cinnamic acid, luteolin

Tualang, Gelam, Borneo tropical honey (Khalil et al. 2011)

New Zealand

Gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, isorhamnetin, chrysin, luteolin, kaempferol

Manuka honey (Yao et al. 2004)

Poland

Rhamnetin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, hesperidin, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid.=

Heather honey (Biesaga and Pyrzyńska 2013)

West Amazonian Ecuador

Coumarins, fraxin, scopoletin, bergamottin, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, isorhamnetin

Ecuadorian meliponinae and apis honey (Guerrini et al. 2009)