Table 8 Therapeutic effect of P. ovata seed carbohydrates and fixed oil on kidney function indices of ketoprofen toxicity in rats

Control

43.50^d ± 3.80

–

3.59^g ± 0.28

–

73.75^cd ± 2.63

–

P. ovata seed carbohydrates

47.40^d ± 4.68

(+ 8.96)

4.15^fg ± 0.29

(+ 15.60)

70.25 ^de ± 4.57

(− 4.74)

P. ovata seeds oil

54.06^d ± 4.68

(+ 24.27)

4.40^f ± 0.16

(+ 22.56)

65.75 ^de ± 4.39

(− 10.83)

Ketoprofen

127.93^a ± 9.14

(+ 194.10)

11.93^a ± 0.26

(+ 232.31)

92.25 ^a ± 4.57

(+ 25.08)

Ketoprofen +

P. ovata seed carbohydrates

80.62^c ± 5.51

[− 36.98]

7.22^e ± 0.81

[− 39.48]

80.50^bc ± 3.70

[− 12.73]

Ketoprofen +

P. ovata seeds oil

83.08^c ± 5.16

[− 35.06]

7.99^d ± 0.28

[− 33.02]

82.75^b ± 4.96

[− 10.30]

Ketoprofen +

Silymarin.

86.68^c ± 5.53

[− 32.24]

7.34^e ± 0.98

[− 38.47]

81.75^bc ± 3.86

[− 11.38]

Ketoprofen left 1 week for recovery

119.48^a ± 9.48

[− 6.60]

11.46^ab ± 0.41

[− 3.93]

89.25^ab ± 3.95

[− 3.25]

Ketoprofen left 2 weeks for recovery

98.31^b ± 6.22

[− 23.15]

11.05^b ± 0.48

[− 7.37]

84.50 ^b ± 3.70

[− 8.40]

Ketoprofen left 3 weeks for recovery

96.18^bc ± 5.42

[− 24.81]

8.65^c ± 0.36

[− 27.49]

81.50^bc ± 6.75

[− 11.65]