A therapeutic insight of carbohydrate and fixed oil from Plantago ovata L. seeds against ketoprofen-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Table 7 Therapeutic effect of P. ovata seed carbohydrates and fixed oil on DNA fragmentation indices of liver tissue in ketoprofen toxicity rats

Groups	% Tailed DNA	% Untailed DNA	DNA tail length (μm)	% Total DNA	Tail moment
Control	5.00	95.00	1.35^f ± 0.13	1.21	1.63
P. ovata seed carbohydrates	4.00	96.00	1.33^f ± 0.05	1.23	1.64
P. ovata seeds oil	5.00	95.00	1.29^f ± 0.03	1.27	1.64
Ketoprofen	16.00	84.00	2.85^a ± 0.04	2.79	7.95
Ketoprofen + P. ovata seed carbohydrates	11.00	89.00	2.31^d ± 0.08	2.24	5.17
Ketoprofen + P. ovata seeds oil	13.00	87.00	2.59 ^b ± 0.02	2.51	6.50
Ketoprofen + Silymarin.	9.00	91.00	2.11^e ± 0.06	2.05	4.33
Ketoprofen left 1 week for recovery	14.00	86.00	2.48^abc ± 0.04	2.44	6.05
Ketoprofen left 2 weeks for recovery	14.00	86.00	2.57^ab ± 0.02	2.49	6.35
Ketoprofen left 3 weeks for recovery	12.00	88.00	2.42^abcd ± 0.02	2.31	5.59

Values are % of the total counts in each assay
Tail Moment (unit) = tail length x % total DNA
Data in DNA tail length are expressed as mean ± SD of three reading
Groups having the same letters are non-significant while others having different letters are significant at p < 0.05