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Table 5 Therapeutic effect of P. ovata seed carbohydrates and fixed oil on hepatic oxidative stress markers of ketoprofen toxicity in rats

From: A therapeutic insight of carbohydrate and fixed oil from Plantago ovata L. seeds against ketoprofen-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Groups

SOD (μg /mg protein)

GSH (μg/gm tissue)

MDA (μmol/mg protein)

Control

18.17a ± 1.77

–

11.87a ± 1.36

–

1.53e ± 0.26

–

P. ovata seed carbohydrates

16.90ab ± 2.28

(− 6.98)

10.50b ± 0.94

(− 11.54)

1.59de ± 0.14

(+ 3.92)

P. ovata seeds oil

17.50 ab ± 2.04

(− 3.60)

10.30 b ± 0.56

(− 13.22)

1.92 cde ± 0.43

(+ 25.49)

Ketoprofen

8.00d ± 1.91

(− 55.97)

4.68e ± 0.57

(− 60.57)

4.70a ± 0.70

(+ 207.18)

Ketoprofen +

P. ovata seed carbohydrates

13.97bc ± 1.16

[+ 74.67]

9.20bc ± 0.30

[+ 96.58]

2.32cde ± 0.37

[− 49.56]

Ketoprofen +

P. ovata seeds oil

12.50bc ± 1.87

[+ 56.25]

8.50cd ± 0.73

[+ 81.62]

2.56bc ± 0.73

[− 44.34]

Ketoprofen +

Silymarin.

14.85abc ± 1.75

[+ 85.63]

8.70cd ± 1.18

[+ 85.89]

1.94cde ± 0.61

[− 57.82]

Ketoprofen left 1 week for recovery

8.07 d ± 2.44

[+ 0.80]

7.35 d ± 0.40

[+ 57.05]

3.18 b ± 0.25

[− 30.86]

Ketoprofen left 2 weeks for recovery

9.10d ± 1.27

[+ 13.75]

7.83cd ± 0.40

[+ 67.30]

2.67bc ± 0.29

[− 41.95]

Ketoprofen left 3 weeks for recovery

11.85c ± 1.59

[+ 48.12]

8.10cd ± 0.48

[+ 73.07]

2.45bcd ± 0.32

[− 46.73]

  1. Data are mean ± SD of six rats/group.
  2. Groups having the same letters are non-significantly different, while those having different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05
  3. Values between brackets are % changes over control group
  4. Values between parentheses are % changes over ketoprofen group