Table 1 Prophylactic and therapeutic effect of chitosan on renal functions against Li₂CO₃ induced renal toxicity in rats

26.96 ± 0.30

26.47 ± 0.21

49.10 ± 0.16^a

27.22 ± 0.41^b

38.48 ± 0.25^ab

39.39 ± 0.36^ab

0.73 ± 0.01

0.75 ± 0.01

2.22 ± 0.02^a

0.78 ± 0.01^b

1.71 ± 0.02^ab

1.85 ± 0.02^ab

8.17 ± 0.09

8.02 ± 0.06

14.88 ± 0.05^a

8.25 ± 0.12^b

11.66 ± 0.08^ab

11.94 ± 0.11^ab

8.19 ± 0.03

8.09 ± 0.04

4.01 ± 0.08^a

7.89 ± 0.10^b

5.28 ± 0.02^ab

5.89 ± 0.06^ab

4.22 ± 0.03

4.29 ± 0.06

0.80 ± 0.01^a

4.31 ± 0.04^b

1.61 ± 0.01^ab

1.48 ± 0.01^ab