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Table 4 Association of Anxiety with Sociodemographic Characteristics, General Health, and COVID-19 for Immigrant Population

From: Predictors associated with symptoms of depression & anxiety during the COVID-19 among MENA immigrants in Houston, Texas

Variable

OR (95% CI)

p value

Gender

  

 Male

0.97 (0.32–2.88)

0.95

 Female

1

Age

  

 < 30 years

2.56 (0.76–8.63)

0.12

 ≥ 30 years

1

Immigrant Countries

  

 Immigrants from countries of war-inflicted countries

0.45 (0.14–1.42)

0.17

 Immigrants from stable countries

1

Living Status

  

 Own

0.84 (0.26–2.77)

0.77

 Rent, No payment or cash rent

1

Annual Household Income

  

 < 65,000

0.39 (0.08–1.77)

0.22

 ≥ 65,000

1

Overall Health

  

 Excellent, Very Good

0.28 (0.07–1.07)

0.06

 Good, Fair, Poor

1

Smoke

  

 Yes

1

0.02*

 No

0.22 (0.05–0.84)

 

Alcohol

  

 Yes

1

 No

1.30 (0.34–4.97)

0.70

Nightmare about COVID-19

  

 Yes

2.68 (0.77–9.35)

0.12

 No

1

Difficulty doing social activities

  

 No Difficulty

0.22 (0.05–1.02)

0.05

 Some Difficulty/A lot of Difficulty/Cannot Do at all

1

Infected with COVID-19

  

 Yes, tested and the result was positive

1.08 (0.23–5.02)

0.92

 No, tested and the result was negative

1

 Knowledge prevents COVID-19 spread

  

 Excellent/Good

0.47 (0.10–2.28)

0.35

 Average/Poor/Terrible

1

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. Note. OR: Odd Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval