Table 3 Association of Depression with Sociodemographic Characteristics, General Health, and COVID-19 for Immigrant Population
Variable | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Male | 0.26 (0.04–1.44) | 0.12 |
Female | 1 | – |
Age | ||
< 30 years | 2.61 (0.58–11.69) | 0.21 |
≥ 30 years | 1 | – |
Immigrant Countries | ||
Immigrants from countries of war-inflicted countries | 0.08 (0.01–0.55) | 0.01* |
Immigrants from stable countries | 1 | – |
Living Status | ||
Own | 1.68 (0.34–8.38) | 0.52 |
Rent, No payment or cash rent | 1 | – |
Annual Household Income | ||
< 65,000 | 0.20 (0.02–1.61) | 0.13 |
≥ 65,000 | 1 | – |
Overall Health | ||
Excellent, Very Good | 0.07 (0.01–0.41) | 0.003* |
Good, Fair, Poor | 1 | – |
Self-Reported Depression | ||
Yes | 2.26 (0.37–13.73) | 0.37 |
No | 1 | – |
Smoke | ||
Yes | 1 | – |
No | 0.07 (0.01–0.38) | 0.002* |
Alcohol | ||
Yes | 1 | – |
No | 0.51 (0.10–2.64) | 0.42 |
Nightmare about COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 1.12 (0.27–4.63) | 0.87 |
No | 1 | – |
Tried Hard not to think about COVID-19 | ||
Yes | 0.11 (0.02–0.71) | 0.02* |
No | 1 | – |
Difficulty doing social activities | ||
No Difficulty | 0.15 (0.01–0.75) | 0.08 |
Some Difficulty/A lot of Difficulty/Cannot Do at all | 1 | – |
Infected with COVID-19 | ||
Yes, tested and the result was positive; | 0.39 (0.05–3.26) | 0.38 |
No, tested and the result was negative | 1 | – |
Knowledge prevents COVID-19 Spread | ||
Excellent/Good | 0.15 (0.02–0.95) | 0.04* |
Average/Poor/Terrible | 1 | – |
COVID-19 Vaccination | ||
Yes | 3.07 (0.51–18.43) | 0.21 |
No | 1 | – |