Table 2 Meta-analytic prevalence of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and MRSA isolated from DFU Africa according to Study Characteristics

Patient setting

 Inpatient

12.61 (10.5–14.54)

98.1 (96.7–98.8)

22.8 (20.55–25.20)

97.4

6.6 (5.28–8.07)

97.9

 Outpatient

18.97 (16.42–21.73)

23.2 (20.44–26.14)

0.0 (0.00–0.421)

 Both

8.13 (6.79–9.64)

12.6 (10.93–14.36)

2.9 (2.16–3.95)

 Not reported

30.98 (26.82–35.39)

33.5 (29.28–38.03)

6.8 (4.72–9.52)

Clinical sample

 B

21.27 (17.97–24.86)

94.9 (88.4–95.5)

27.8 (24.12–31.65)

96.6 (95.0–97.6)

0.0 (0.00–0.65)

95.4 (93.1–96.9)

 BA

9.17 (5.69–13.81)

15.6 (11.05–21.11)

0.0 (0.00–1.68)

 DSA

3.91 (2.04–6.73)

13.7 (10.04–18.04)

0.7 (0.08–2.33)

 DSAB

0.00 (0.00–21.80)

100 (78.19–100.00)

40 (16.34–67.71)

 DS

12.04 (10.1–14.18)

20.5 (18.06–23.08)

2.5 (1.66–3.68)

 SSDS

7.237 (3.69–12.58)

13.2 (8.23–19.59)

0.0 (0.00–2.39)

 SB

11.24 (7.00–16.82)

0.0 (0.00–2.05)

7.9 (4.37–12.84)

 S

19.09 (17.00–21.32)

22.8 (20.56–25.16)

6.4 (5.18–7.90)

 NR

10.45 (7.39–14.23)

18.2 (14.22–22.77)

8.4 (5.63–11.85)

Study period

 2002–2006

10.95 (7.57–15.19)

95.3 (91.7–97.4)

18.4 (14.04–23.39)

90.4 (80.6–95.3)

0.0 (0.00–1.29)

95.9 (92.8–97.6)

 2007–2011

19.65 (16.32–23.34)

22.2 (18.66–25.98)

1.2 (0.43–2.49)

 2012–2016

8.24 (6.36–10.46)

20.7 (17.81–23.78)

9.9 (7.81–12.24)

 2017–2021

13.44 (12.05–14.93)

18.0 (16.46–19.71)

3.4 (2.71–4.27)

 Not reported

28.22 (23.66–33.14)

33.4 (28.60–38.52)

1.6 (0.61–3.54)

Isolation method

 Culture

15.55 (14.32–16.83)

89.2 (70.4–96.0)

22.6 (21.15–24.03)

97.4 (94.8–98.7)

3.6 (2.99–4.29)

52.8 (0.00–86.5)

 Culture& PCR

10.08 (6.689–14.42)

5.4 (2.99–8.94)

5.4 (2.99–8.94)

 Not reported

9.82 (7.49–12.59)

14.6 (11.82–17.85)

5.0 (3.35–7.15)