From: The modulation of carbohydrate intake and intermittent fasting in obese Saudi women: a pilot study
Items | TRF ± LCD group (n = 18) | TRF group (n = 18) | Control group (n = 16) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basel (Mean ± SD) | exp (Mean ± SD) | Change in Basel (Mean ± SD) | Percent Change | P value | Baseline (Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | Change in Basel (Mean ± SD) | Percent Change | P value | Basel (Mean ± SD) | (Mean ± SD) | Change in Basel (Mean ± SD) | Percent Change | P value | |
Weight (Kg) | 90.65 ± 13.8 | 86.08 ± 14.08 | − 4.57 ± 1.59 | − 5.0% | < 0.001 | 87.39 ± 13.1 | 84.89 ± 12.7 | − 2.5 ± 1.01 | − 2.9% | < 0.001 | 87.19 ± 13.48 | 87.5 ± 13.31 | 0.31 ± 0.25 | 0.4% | 0.173 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.2 ± 4.61 | 33.72 ± 5.2 | − 1.48 ± 4.46 | − 4.2% | < 0.001 | 34.94 ± 5.16 | 33.42 ± 5.11 | − 1.52 ± 1.78 | − 4.4% | < 0.001 | 33.38 ± 3.91 | 33.44 ± 3.86 | 0.06 ± 0.81 | 0.2% | 0.333 |
FM(Kg) | 52.42 ± 5.8 | 47.74 ± 7.34 | − 4.68 ± 8.79 | − 8.9% | < 0.001 | 51.22 ± 5.88 | 49.33 ± 5.41 | − 1.89 ± 0.62 | − 3.7% | < 0.001 | 53.63 ± 6.41 | 54.06 ± 6.19 | 0.43 ± 0 1 0.8% 1 0.048 | ||
FFM (Kg) | 40.41 ± 10.65 | 38.28 ± 10.17 | − 2.13 ± 0.89 | − 5.3% | 0.004 | 35.5 ± 8.83 | 35.33 ± 8.51 | − 0.17 ± 0.51 | − 0.5% | 0.269 | 33.81 ± 10.62 | 33.81 ± 10.62 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
VF | 10.11 ± 2.47 | 8.83 ± 2.09 | − 1.28 ± 2.79 | − 12.7"% | < 0.001 | 9.78 ± 2.29 | 9.28 ± 2.24 | − 0.5 ± 2.19 − 5.1% | < 0.001 | 9.75 ± 1.53 | 9.81 ± 1.42 | 0.06 ± 1.31 1 0.6% | 0.333 | ||
WC (cm) | 97.33 ± 10.82 | 90.72 ± 10.37 | − 6.61 ± 3.14 | − 6.8"% | < 0.001 | 96.5 ± 10.17 | 92.61 ± 10.36 | − 3.89 ± 3.03 | − 4.0% | < 0.001 | 94.25 ± 12.1 | 94.88 ± 12.17 | 0.63 ± 0 | 0.7% | 0.076 |
HC (cm) | 124.78 ± 10.63 | 118.89 ± 11.85 | − 5.89 ± 0.02 | − 4.7% | < 0.001 | 124.78 ± 11.05 | 121.5 ± 11.61 | − 3.28 ± 0.02 | − 2.6% | < 0.001 | 122.75 ± 8.22 | 122.75 ± 8.22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
WHR ratio | 0.78 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | − 0.02 ± 7.69 | − 2.6% | < 0.001 | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.05 | − 0.01 ± 8.15 | − 1.3% | 0.149 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 96.39 ± 9.57 | 91.5 ± 8.18 | − 4.89 ± 3.38 | − 5.1% |< 0.001 | 96.37 ± 7.69 | 90 ± 9.07 |− 6.37 ± 6 |− 6.6% |< 0.001 | 88.75 ± 9.02 | 87 ± 7.78 | − 1.75 ± 4.26 | − 2.0% | 0.323 | |||||||
Insulin OiU/mL) | 14.02 ± 6.37 | 10.18 ± 5.4 | − 3.84 ± 0.71 | − 27.4% | < 0.001 | 13.54 ± 5.2 | 11.56 ± 7.83 | − 1.98 ± 1.69 | − 14.6% | 0.178 | 13.88 ± 9.38 | 15.77 ± 10.65 | 1.89 ± 1.21 | 13.6% | 0.097 |
HOMA − IR | 6.18 ± 12.76 | 4.94 ± 12.53 | − 1.24 ± 48.78 | − 20.1% | < 0.001 | 3.39 ± 1.53 | 2.46 ± 1.93 | − 0.93 ± 61.12 | − 27.4% | 0.032 | 3.03 ± 2.3 | 3.55 ± 2.61 | 0.52 ± 40.31 | 17.2% | 0.103 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180.06 ± 22.8 | 184.28 ± 25.29 | 4.22 ± 6.45 | 2.3% | 0.001 | 179.94 ± 30.54 | 178 ± 22.86 | − 1.94 ± 8.73 | − 1.1% | 0.802 | 166.38 ± 23.21 | 179.81 ± 26.15 | 13.43 ± 9.07 | 8.1% | 0.059 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 50.33 ± 9.37 | 50.78 ± 6.9 | 0.45 ± 31.46 | 0.9% | < 0.001 | 44.08 ± 8.75 | 50.28 ± 9.25 | 6.2 ± 34.33 | 14.1% | 0.008 | 50.63 ± 9.94 | 50.31 ± 6.63 | − 0.32 ± 22.58 | − 0.6% | 0.892 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 108.39 ± 21.71 | 107.56 ± 31.03 | − 0.83 ± 27.27 | − 0.8% | 0.181 | 105.33 ± 30.22 | 102.33 ± 25.49 | − 3 ± 27.12 | − 2.8% | 0.715 | 99.88 ± 21.81 | 114.06 ± 24.72 | 14.18 ± 28.05 | 14.2% | 0.024 |
TR (mg/dL) | 86.44 ± 37.75 | 79.61 ± 29.6 | − 6.83 ± 27.27 | − 7.9% | 0.001 | 104.61 ± 57.57 | 83.17 ± 38.64 | − 21.44 ± 27.12 | − 20.5% | 0.004 | 82.19 ± 30.79 | 87.31 ± 35.32 | 5.12 ± 28.05 | 6.2% | 0.476 |