Table 2 Behavioural responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles exposed to different levels of Indigo dye (Indigofera tinctoria) in definitive test at different time intervals
From: Sub-lethal toxicity of indigo dye (Indigofera tinctoria) on Oreochromis niloticus juveniles
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration (mg/l) | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
Erratic swimming | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Loss of reflex | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Hyperventilation | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Changes in behaviour | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
Discolouration | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | + |
% Mortality (%) | − | − | − | 10 | 60 | 90 | − | − | − | 10 | 80 | 100 | − | − | 10 | 20 | 100 | 100 | − | 20 | 30 | 60 | 100 | 100 |