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Table 5 Total soluble sugars, proline, and free amino acids (mg/100 g dry weight) of quinoa treated with proline or trehalose with (+) and without (−) compost amendment under salinity stress (average of two seasons)

From: Physiological and biochemical role of proline, trehalose, and compost on enhancing salinity tolerance of quinoa plant

Salinity (mg/L)

Treatment, mM

TSS

Proline

FAA

−

+

−

+

−

+

0

Control

1565

1638

15.83

17.13

217.65

267.14

Proline

0.5

1594

1728

17.41

20.54

241.46

292.47

1.0

1611

1839

19.50

23.75

262.65

303.28

Trehalose

2.5

1643

1976

24.75

27.12

298.28

298.75

5.0

1786

1711

30.44

32.27

254.65

308.54

3000

Control

1365

1437

27.71

29.62

240.32

314.23

Proline

0.5

1411

1536

29.36

32.63

254.89

326.76

1.0

1447

1576

31.01

33.65

271.65

341.14

Trehalose

2.5

1487

1584

33.45

35.32

320.86

361.24

5.0

1509

1520

39.89

43.62

344.94

395.63

6000

Control

1401

1403

39.87

41.29

315.25

352.23

Proline

0.5

1412

1429

42.43

44.07

336.42

368.63

1.0

1426

1447

44.17

46.57

352.92

391.17

Trehalose

2.5

1444

1498

47.25

50.92

395.33

415.57

5.0

1487

1420

49.63

51.28

450.42

475.67

LSD at 5%

53.24

1.47

18.71